<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>StAR-Protein</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/StAR-Protein"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-StAR-Protein rootpage-StAR-Protein skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">StAR-Protein</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Protein_9.B.64" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Protein">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Steroid-Akut-Regulator
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p>Vorhandene Strukturdaten: <a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1img">1img</a>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2i93">2i93</a></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;;">Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Masse</a>/Länge <a href="Prim%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Primärstruktur">Primärstruktur</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">< 285 Aminosäuren
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Bezeichner
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Gen-Name</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=11359">STAR</a></i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Externe IDs
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="">
<ul><li><a href="Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/600617">600617</a></li>
<li><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P49675">P49675</a></li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Transporter-Klassifikation
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Transporter_Classification_Database" title="Transporter Classification Database">TCDB</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=9.B.64">9.B.64</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Membrantransport" title="Membrantransport">Bezeichnung</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Cholesterintransporter
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Vorkommen
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Homologie-Familie
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hogenom.univ-lyon1.fr/query_sequence?seq=P49675">Hovergen</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Übergeordnetes <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxon</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="Vielzellige_Tiere" title="Vielzellige Tiere">Vielzellige Tiere</a>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p>Das <b>StAR-Protein</b> (Abk. für <b>Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein</b>) ist ein <a href="Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a>, das für den <a href="Cholesterin" title="Cholesterin">Cholesterin</a>-Transport von der äußeren Membran von <a href="Mitochondrium" title="Mitochondrium">Mitochondrien</a> in die innere Mitochondrien-Membran bei <a href="Metazoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Metazoa">vielzelligen Tieren</a> unverzichtbar ist. Dieser Transport ist geschwindigkeitsbestimmend für die Steroidhormon-Biosynthese und findet beim Menschen in den <a href="Gonade" title="Gonade">Gonaden</a>, der <a href="Nebenniere#Nebennierenrinde" title="Nebenniere">Nebennierenrinde</a>, den <a href="Niere" title="Niere">Nieren</a> und im männlichen <a href="Pankreas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pankreas">Pankreas</a> genauso wie im Gehirn statt. Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Produktion zeigen sich im Pankreas, das in Frauen kein StAR-Protein exprimiert.
</p><p><a href="Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutationen</a> im <i>STAR</i>-<a href="Gen" title="Gen">Gen</a> können zu <a href="Kongenitale_lipoide_Nebennierenhyperplasie_durch_STAR-Mangel" title="Kongenitale lipoide Nebennierenhyperplasie durch STAR-Mangel">StAR-Mangel</a>, und dieser zum lebensbedrohenden <a href="Adrenogenitales_Syndrom" title="Adrenogenitales Syndrom">adrenogenitalen Syndrom</a> Typ 1 führen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rone_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pank_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pank-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funktion_von_StAR">Funktion von StAR</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gezielte_Bindung_an_Mitochondrien">Gezielte Bindung an Mitochondrien</h3></div>
<p>Der N-Terminus von StAR bildet ein Signal, mit dem StAR zielgerichtet an Mitochondrien bindet. Dieses Signal wird beim Eindringen von StAR in das Mitochondrium-Innere abgespalten und StAR wird dadurch inaktiviert.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cholesterin-bindende_Domäne"><span id="Cholesterin-bindende_Dom.C3.A4ne"></span>Cholesterin-bindende Domäne</h3></div>
<p>Der C-terminale Teil von StAR bildet eine Tasche, in die Cholesterin eingelagert werden kann. Die gentechnische Entfernung dieser Tasche bewirkt eine fast vollständige Blockade des Cholesterin-Import in die Innere Mitochondrienmembran.<sup id="cite_ref-rone_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese START-Domäne wird in weiteren Proteinen gefunden, MLN64, StarD4, StarD5 und StarD6. Da diesen Proteinen aber die Zielsequenz für Mitochondrien fehlt, sind sie wahrscheinlich an der Initiierung der Steroidbildung nicht beteiligt.<sup id="cite_ref-rone_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Nach der Bindung von StAR an Mitochondrien soll die C-terminale Helix sich von der Cholesterin-Tasche abheben. Dadurch kann Cholesterin freigesetzt werden, welches dann von weiteren Proteinen, z. B. vom Translokator-Protein (TSPO; als Benzodiazepin-Receptor Peripherer Typ (PBR, BZRP) schon länger bekannt, aber erst jetzt einer Funktion zugeordnet) über die äußere Mitochondrienmembran ins Mitochondrium gelangt. Die Bindungsaffinität von Cholesterin an TSPO ist deutlich stärker als die an StAR.<sup id="cite_ref-rone_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rolle_von_TSPO_bei_der_Aktivierung_von_StAR_durch_Phosphorylierung">Rolle von TSPO bei der Aktivierung von StAR durch Phosphorylierung</h3></div>
<p>TSPO soll darüber hinaus ein PAP7 (auch als Acyl-Coenzym A-Bindedomäne enthaltendes Protein 3 (ACBD3) bezeichnet) an die äußere Mitochondrien-Membran binden, an welches wiederum eine Proteinkinase A anlagert, die StAR phosphoryliert und dadurch die Pregnenolon-Bildung deutlich beschleunigt.<sup id="cite_ref-kostic_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kostic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation_von_StAR">Regulation von StAR</h2></div>
<p>Die Transkription und Translation von StAR wird durch Hormone gesteuert: <a href="Luteinisierendes_Hormon" title="Luteinisierendes Hormon">Luteinisierendes Hormon</a> (LH) in den Gonaden, <a href="Adrenocorticotropin" title="Adrenocorticotropin">Adrenocorticotrophes Hormon</a> (ACTH) in der Nebenniere. Die G-Protein-gekoppelten Membranrezeptoren (GPCR) für LH oder ACTH erhöhen die cAMP-Konzentration, die schließlich zur StAR-Expression führt. Durch die Abspaltung des Mitochondrien-Zielsignals und die damit verbundene Inaktivierung von StAR kann der Cholesterinimport in Mitochondrien schnell wieder unterbunden werden, wenn die Translation nicht weitergeht. Man hat ausgerechnet, dass etwa 1,8 Moleküle von Cholesterin pro Molekül StAR importiert werden.<sup id="cite_ref-tuckey_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuckey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das bedeutet, dass der Cholesterinimport von der Translation von StAR fast stöchiometrisch zusammenhängt: Pro gebildetem StAR-Protein Import von noch nicht einmal zwei Cholesterin-Molekülen.
</p><p>Die Aktivität von StAR in <a href="Leydig-Zelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leydig-Zelle">Leydig-Zellen</a> wird durch <a href="Phosphorylierung" title="Phosphorylierung">Phosphorylierung</a> mittels <a href="Proteinkinase_A" title="Proteinkinase A">Proteinkinase A</a> verstärkt.<sup id="cite_ref-kostic_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kostic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Expression von StAR wird in den Gonaden durch <a href="Gonadotropine" title="Gonadotropine">Gonadotropine</a> reguliert. Notwendig für die Expression von StAR in <a href="Granulosazelle" title="Granulosazelle">Granulosazellen</a> ist LH; sie wird durch <a href="Transforming_Growth_Factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming Growth Factor">TGF-β 1</a> reduziert und durch <a href="Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">Prostaglandin E2</a> erhöht. Die Produktion von StAR ist im <a href="Leberzellkarzinom" title="Leberzellkarzinom">Leberzellkarzinom</a> erhöht, was zu erhöhtem Cholesteringehalt der Mitochondrienmembran und damit zu Resistenz gegenüber <a href="Chemotherapie" title="Chemotherapie">Chemotherapie</a> führt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>Jassal/D’Eustachio/reactome.org: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-196126"><i>Cholesterol translocates to the inner mitochondrial membrane</i></a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P49675">P49675</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rone-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rone_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rone_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rone_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rone_2-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">M. B. Rone, J. Fan, V. Papadopoulos: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cholesterol transport in steroid biosynthesis: Role of protein–protein interactions and implications in disease states</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Biochimica_et_Biophysica_Acta" title="Biochimica et Biophysica Acta">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1791</span>, 2009, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>646–658</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=Cholesterol+transport+in+steroid+biosynthesis%3A+Role+of+protein-protein+interactions+and+implications+in+disease+states&rft.au=M.+B.+Rone%2C+J.+Fan%2C+V.+Papadopoulos&rft.btitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=646-658&rft.volume=1791" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pank-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pank_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Morales, F. Vilchis, B. Chávez u. a.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Differential expression of steroidogenic factors 1 and 2, cytochrome p450scc, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in human pancreas</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Pancreas</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>37</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, August 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>165–169</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0b013e318168dd8c">10.1097/MPA.0b013e318168dd8c</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18665078?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18665078</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=Differential+expression+of+steroidogenic+factors+1+and+2%2C+cytochrome+p450scc%2C+and+steroidogenic+acute+regulatory+protein+in+human+pancreas&rft.au=A.+Morales%2C+F.+Vilchis%2C+B.+Ch%C3%A1vez+u.+a.&rft.date=2008-08&rft.doi=10.1097%2FMPA.0b013e318168dd8c&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Pancreas&rft.pages=165-169&rft.pmid=18665078&rft.volume=37" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-kostic-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kostic_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kostic_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">T. S. Kostic, N. J. Stojkov, M. M. Janjic, D. Maric, S. A. Andric: <cite style="font-style:italic">The adaptive response of adult rat Leydig cells to repeated immobilization stress: the role of protein kinase A and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Stress</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5</span>, 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>370–380</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701822378">10.1080/10253890701822378</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800309?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18800309</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=The+adaptive+response+of+adult+rat+Leydig+cells+to+repeated+immobilization+stress%3A+the+role+of+protein+kinase+A+and+steroidogenic+acute+regulatory+protein&rft.au=T.+S.+Kostic%2C+N.+J.+Stojkov%2C+M.+M.+Janjic%2C+...&rft.date=2008&rft.doi=10.1080%2F10253890701822378&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Stress&rft.pages=370-380&rft.pmid=18800309&rft.volume=11" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-tuckey-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tuckey_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. C. Tuckey, M. J. Headlam, H. S. Bose, W. L. Miller: <cite style="font-style:italic">Transfer of cholesterol between phospholipid vesicles mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="J_Biol_Chem" class="mw-redirect" title="J Biol Chem">J Biol Chem</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>277</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>49</span>, 2002, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>47123–47128</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M206965200">10.1074/jbc.M206965200</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jbc.org/content/277/49/47123.full.pdf+html">jbc.org</a> [PDF]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+cholesterol+between+phospholipid+vesicles+mediated+by+the+steroidogenic+acute+regulatory+protein+%28StAR%29&rft.au=R.+C.+Tuckey%2C+M.+J.+Headlam%2C+H.+S.+Bose%2C+...&rft.date=2002&rft.doi=10.1074%2Fjbc.M206965200&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=49&rft.jtitle=J+Biol+Chem&rft.pages=47123-47128&rft.volume=277" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Sugawara, M. Kiriakidou, J. M. McAllister, J. A. Holt, F. Arakane, J. F. Strauss: <cite style="font-style:italic">Regulation of expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene: a central role for steroidogenic factor 1</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Steroids</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>62</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Januar 1997, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5–9</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-128X%2896%2900152-3">10.1016/S0039-128X(96)00152-3</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9029708?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9029708</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+expression+of+the+steroidogenic+acute+regulatory+protein+%28StAR%29+gene%3A+a+central+role+for+steroidogenic+factor+1&rft.au=T.+Sugawara%2C+M.+Kiriakidou%2C+J.+M.+McAllister%2C+...&rft.date=1997-01&rft.doi=10.1016%2FS0039-128X%2896%2900152-3&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Steroids&rft.pages=5-9&rft.pmid=9029708&rft.volume=62" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">X. Zheng, C. A. Price, Y. Tremblay, J. G. Lussier, P. D. Carrière: <cite style="font-style:italic">Role of transforming growth factor-beta1 in gene expression and activity of estradiol and progesterone-generating enzymes in FSH-stimulated bovine granulosa cells</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Reproduction</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>136</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, Oktober 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>447–457</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-07-0316">10.1530/REP-07-0316</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635743?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18635743</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=Role+of+transforming+growth+factor-beta1+in+gene+expression+and+activity+of+estradiol+and+progesterone-generating+enzymes+in+FSH-stimulated+bovine+granulosa+cells&rft.au=X.+Zheng%2C+C.+A.+Price%2C+Y.+Tremblay%2C+...&rft.date=2008-10&rft.doi=10.1530%2FREP-07-0316&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Reproduction&rft.pages=447-457&rft.pmid=18635743&rft.volume=136" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Duggavathi, D. H. Volle, C. Mataki u. a.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Liver receptor homolog 1 is essential for ovulation</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Genes Dev.</cite> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>22</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>14</span>, Juli 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1871–1876</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.472008">10.1101/gad.472008</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18628394?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18628394</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2492734/">PMC 2492734</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=Liver+receptor+homolog+1+is+essential+for+ovulation&rft.au=R.+Duggavathi%2C+D.+H.+Volle%2C+C.+Mataki+u.+a.&rft.date=2008-07&rft.doi=10.1101%2Fgad.472008&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=14&rft.jtitle=Genes+Dev.&rft.pages=1871-1876&rft.pmc=2492734&rft.pmid=18628394&rft.volume=22" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. C. Hsu, C. W. Lu, B. M. Huang, M. H. Wu, S. J. Tsai: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein mediate prostaglandin E2-induced steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in endometriotic stromal cells</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Am. J. Pathol.</cite> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>173</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, August 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>433–441</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2008.080199">10.2353/ajpath.2008.080199</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18583320?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18583320</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2475780/">PMC 2475780</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=Cyclic+adenosine+3%27%2C5%27-monophosphate+response+element-binding+protein+and+CCAAT%2Fenhancer-binding+protein+mediate+prostaglandin+E2-induced+steroidogenic+acute+regulatory+protein+expression+in+endometriotic+stromal+cells&rft.au=C.+C.+Hsu%2C+C.+W.+Lu%2C+B.+M.+Huang%2C+...&rft.date=2008-08&rft.doi=10.2353%2Fajpath.2008.080199&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Pathol.&rft.pages=433-441&rft.pmc=2475780&rft.pmid=18583320&rft.volume=173" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Montero, A. Morales, L. Llacuna u. a.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mitochondrial cholesterol contributes to chemotherapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Cancer_Res" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancer Res">Cancer Res</a>.</cite> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>68</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>13</span>, Juli 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5246–5256</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6161">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6161</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18593925?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18593925</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:StAR-Protein&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+cholesterol+contributes+to+chemotherapy+resistance+in+hepatocellular+carcinoma&rft.au=J.+Montero%2C+A.+Morales%2C+L.+Llacuna+u.+a.&rft.date=2008-07&rft.doi=10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-07-6161&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=13&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Res.&rft.pages=5246-5256&rft.pmid=18593925&rft.volume=68" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
</ol></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2023-09-03" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=StAR-Protein&oldid=237008725">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>
</body></html>